变形金刚1

After the desert turns green, harder work begins_我的网站

那年花开月正圆

A |

Shi Jianyang (L) and his grandfather check the growth of crops on a farmland near a forest area along the Maowusu Desert in northwest China's Shaanxi Province in 2026.(Xinhua)A drone sweeps above the pine forest, sending images of the woods to a screen below. Under the trees stands Shi Jianyang whose grandfather and hundreds of villagers came 40 years ago with shovels and saplings to stop advancing sand.
At 29, Shi belongs to a new generation of desert-control workers equipped with drones, machines and remote irrigation systems. An earth auger can now do in a day what once required about 200 laborers, while a single phone can control drip irrigation across more than 1,000 mu (about 66.67 hectares) of woodland.
For the older Shi's generation, the challenge was getting trees to survive in moving dunes. For the grandson, it is figuring out how to make those forests healthier and more resilient for decades to come.
Their story captures a broader shift in desert control along the southern edge of the Maowusu Desert in northwest China's Shaanxi Province: turning shifting sand into forest was only the beginning.
In 1986, Shi Guangyin, Shi Jianyang's grandfather, led more than 300 villagers into Langwosha, a sandy area in Dingbian County in Yulin City. He had raised 60,000 yuan (about 17,377 U.S. dollars at the time) by selling his family's 84 sheep and borrowing from relatives and banks to contract 3,500 mu of barren sandy land.
The early setbacks were severe. Strong winds destroyed about 90 percent of the saplings in the first year, and about 80 percent of those planted the following year failed to survive.
After seeking advice from forestry experts, Shi and the villagers laid out checkerboard-shaped barriers on windward slopes to hold the sand in place, then planted trees, shrubs and grasses within them. Sapling survival rates rose to about 80 percent.
Over the next four decades, Shi and those working alongside him treated 250,000 mu of sandy and saline-alkali land, with more than 53 million trees and shrubs taking root.
Greening the Maowusu Desert is part of a much larger national undertaking. It is one of the three major battlefronts of China's Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program, a decades-long effort to curb desertification across northern China.
China has made desertification control a national ecological priority. Since 2023, the country has stepped up efforts under the program, with greater emphasis on systematic restoration and on consolidating earlier gains.
Decades after the first trees took root, a new challenge emerged. Poplars planted decades ago for their rapid growth began reaching the end of their life cycle, with large numbers of trees dying, while forests dominated by a single species were more vulnerable to pests and disease.
Making a forest was one challenge. Keeping it healthy for another generation is another.
Shi Jianyang grew up watching his grandfather and father work to hold back the sand. His father, Shi Zhanjun, spent years planting trees alongside Shi Guangyin before dying in a road accident in 2008 while transporting saplings.
As a boy, Shi Jianyang sometimes resented the work that had taken his father. He spent summer holidays in makeshift tents in the sandy land, eating meals gritty with sand. During planting season, his father would return home with painful blisters in his mouth.
Yet he eventually chose forestry himself.
After studying forestry technology in university, Shi returned home in 2020 and began working in desert control. His team, initially made up of just seven or eight young locals, later brought in university graduates with expertise in soil science, landscaping and pest control.
The younger generation faced a different question: not simply how to make trees survive, but how to make a forest last.
Shi and his team spent more than 40 days in a 5,000-mu woodland setting up sample plots, measuring rainfall, studying soil microorganisms and tracking tree lodging. They proposed renewing aging forests with better-planned forest structures and expanded the planting of Mongolian pine, a long-lived evergreen species that had been successfully tested locally.
To date, about 50,000 mu of land has been planted with Mongolian pine. As some trees fail to survive and require replacement in subsequent planting seasons, the cumulative area of planting operations has reached about 65,000 mu.
Technology has also changed daily work. Drones patrol forests from the air, mechanized equipment dig planting pits, and irrigation can be managed remotely. Sapling survival rates, which Shi Guangyin's generation had raised to about 80 percent through improved sand-control and planting methods, have climbed further to about 92 percent with greater mechanization and more precise management.
Shi said the changes can be felt on the ground. Strong sandstorms have become rare, winds are weaker inside the forest, and the ground stays moist longer after rain. Summer days beneath the trees also feel cooler, while morning dew appears more often. The changes lead him to rethink desert control.
His approach also reflects a broader effort in China's desert regions to link ecological restoration with local livelihoods, giving communities a stronger economic stake in protecting restored land.
With his grandfather's support, Shi and his team have been looking for ways to make better use of the restored land as ecological conditions improve. They have developed potato seedlings suited to sandy soil, promoted greenhouse farming, and set up a livestock cooperative, while increasingly growing potatoes, watermelons and peppers on land once prone to losing water and nutrients.
Shi has also turned to livestreaming e-commerce to market potatoes and other local farm produce, while developing forest-based health and leisure projects. More than 2,000 local residents have seen their incomes rise steadily as farming, livestock breeding and other businesses have developed.
"We used to fear the sand and keep away from it. Now we understand it and know how to make use of it," Shi Guangyin said. "Today, there are opportunities to make a living everywhere in this sandy land."
Across Yulin, forest coverage has risen from 1.8 percent in 1949 to 34.8 percent, while shifting dunes that once encroached on villages have been brought under control.
For Shi Jianyang, however, the green landscape is not proof that the work is finished. "Planting a tree is not difficult," he said. "The difficult part is looking after it for decades."
The grandfather generation learned how to stop the sand. The young generation is learning how to make what grew there last.
Shi Jianyang (R) and his grandfather check tree growth in a forest area in Dingbian County in Yulin City, northwest China's Shaanxi Province in 2026. (Xinhua)

Shi Jianyang (R) and his grandfather check tree growth in a forest area in Dingbian County in Yulin City, northwest China's Shaanxi Province in 2026. (Xinhua)
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B | 随着男性兵源减少，越来越多俄罗斯女性被招募到乌克兰参战。总部位于波兰的俄语独立媒体Vot Tak本月调查发现，已有至少50名参加战争的俄罗斯女性士兵阵亡，女性士兵的死亡人数也随着战争持续逐年上升。 Vot Tak发现，俄罗斯招募女性的岗位范围越来越广，她们的角色已从医疗和支援工作扩展至无人机操作员、狙击手、机枪手和突击队员等一线战斗岗位。传统上，女性在俄罗斯军队中主要从事文职和支援工作。2022年初，俄罗斯武装部队中有31万名女性，其中只有约4万人属于士兵。时任俄罗斯国防部长谢尔盖·绍伊古曾表示，截至2023年3月，有1100名女性被部署到乌克兰。这也是俄乌战争期间俄方公布的唯一一项相关官方数据。 24岁的无人机操作员叶丽扎维塔·齐比娜，呼号“巴亚娜”。今年夏天，她签署了自己的第四份志愿兵合同。

C | 目前，她驻扎在俄罗斯西南部库尔斯克州的一处营房。 “他们把一切都描绘得非常美好，非常爱国。”齐比娜说，“但你真正到了那里以后，实际情况、别人对待你的方式，还有工作本身，完全是另一回事。

D | ” 她说，战争爆发之初，她并不想参军，但当时她的许多朋友都去了，男友也在2024年6月签署了参军合同。由于没有接受过医疗培训，征兵办公室拒绝了齐比娜。同年8月，她的男友阵亡。叶丽扎维塔·齐比娜随后，她接受了无人机操作员培训，并加入圣乔治志愿突击旅。该部队主要由前瓦格纳雇佣兵，以及自2014年以来曾在乌克兰东部作战的士兵组成。签署一份为期6个月的合同仅一周后，她就被派往第一次战斗任务。“我当时没想过自己能活着完成第一份合同。

E | 2024年末，齐比娜被部署到乌克兰顿涅茨克州的索莱达尔附近。她在那里使用无人机进行侦察，后来还协助指挥炮火。随后，她所在的部队被派往恰西夫亚尔。在那里，她发现乌克兰士兵进入一处掩体后，向掩体投放了弹药。 2025年5月，齐比娜带着轻伤和脑震荡回到家乡克拉斯诺亚尔斯克州。

F | 4个月后，她再次回到军队。 “它会把你吸进去。可悲的是，我现在已经无法摆脱它了。

G | ”她说，“当我回到平民生活，一切都让我觉得不对劲——周围的环境、生活规律、人际关系、感情关系。一切都让我觉得自己不属于那里。” 此后，齐比娜又与多个志愿兵组织签署了3份固定期限合同。她说，自己没有选择与国防部签约，因为国防部的合同一旦签署，在战争结束前实际上无法解除。 “如果让我重新选择，我不会走上这条路。”她说，“我不敢公开这么说，但对俄罗斯武装部队感到失望，是大多数俄罗斯士兵的看法。

H | ” 俄罗斯各地区的女性都可以签署参军合同，她们获得的奖金、薪资和福利与男性相同。招募广告通常面向18至45岁的俄罗斯公民，要求至少接受过中等教育且没有犯罪记录，但具体条件各地有所不同。与男性合同一样，女性与俄罗斯国防部签署的合同也会自动延长，直至战争结束。自2025年末以来，俄罗斯至少5个城市的大学，以及乌里扬诺夫斯克州，都开始针对学生进行招募。

I | 克拉斯诺亚尔斯克一所大学还举行了一场仅有女性参加的闭门招募会。这些招募行动通常持续时间很短。托木斯克州的一次招募活动只持续了10天。一个Telegram频道于2026年3月重新启动招募，并在6月扩大岗位范围，招募无人机、通信、后勤和补给人员。 Vot Tak记者与招募人员的聊天记录招募人员有时做出具有误导性的承诺，例如告诉应征者，合同一年后可以解除，女性不会被调往突击部队，也不会被派往前线。但实际上，国防部签署的合同会无限期延长，女性也可能被派往前线并参与突击行动。

J | 战争初期，俄罗斯主要招募女性担任医护人员和厨师。但到2023年，俄军已经开始招募女性狙击手、无人机操作员、电子战专家和突击队员。

K | 据报道，俄罗斯国防部还曾招募女性囚犯，以免除其犯罪记录作为交换。调查发现，2024年末，可能有80多名女性离开西伯利亚监狱，前往战场担任医护人员，但这种做法似乎后来已经停止。调查显示，自2022年2月以来，已有50名俄罗斯女性士兵在战争中阵亡。女性士兵的死亡人数从2022年的5人增加到2025年的15人，2026年上半年又有12人死亡。大多数死者年龄在31至49岁之间。

L | Vot Tak确认了这50名女性的身份。在乌克兰战场丧生的俄罗斯女兵（Vot Tak）来自萨拉托夫州的伊琳娜·阿尼西莫娃去世时57岁，是其中年龄最大的一人。年龄最小的是23岁的亚娜·科什金娜。

M | 她于2023年参军，后来在巴赫穆特附近的一次无人机袭击中阵亡。当时，她负责指挥伤员撤离小组。最早阵亡的女性之一是27岁的瓦莲京娜·加拉托娃。2022年4月14日，她在马里乌波尔的一次战斗任务中阵亡。 2014年，加拉托娃最初曾携带人道主义援助前往俄罗斯占领的乌克兰东部，后来定居在顿涅茨克，并与一名亲俄武装组织指挥官生活在一起。2020年，这名指挥官阵亡后，她加入了他的部队。加拉托娃的官方身份是医护人员，但她的母亲说，她实际上还担任政治指导员和心理治疗师。全面战争爆发后，她参与了突击行动，并最终在马里乌波尔遭遇迫击炮袭击身亡。